Sakegeleenthede

Profiel – Vensterraam:

Mnr Andre du Toit beskik oor ‘n unieke metode om vensterame in te bou. Indien u belangstel kan ek u die profiel aanstuur en u in kontak sit met Mnr du toit

Solar Warm Water Stelsel (SWWS) en Solar Elektriese Stanley Generator (SESG).  –  Conrad.

Die SESG enjin is ‘n nuwe konsep ontwerp wat gebaseer is op die Stanley stoom enjin tegnologie van hitte energie oordra tot meganiese energie. Die verskil van die oorspronklike ontwerp is dat dit van soliede materiaal gebruik maak om hitte energie oor te dra na meganiese energie in plaas van stoom soos in die oorspronklike enjin. Dit is sover ons kon vas stel ‘n wêreld eerste ontwerp. Daarom is ons redelik oortuig dat patente wêreld wyd verkry sal kan word.

Gegewe dat hierdie proses van groen energie gedryf word deur voorkoming van Globale verhitting o.a. WWF en die res van die wêreld, is dit vir ons ‘n groot deurbraak om die enjin volledig te kan kommersialiseer. Tot datum is ‘n klein eksperimentele enjin gebou wat werk. Wat ons nou nodig het is kapitaal om die proses te patenteer en te kommersialiseer. Dit kan in die toekoms groot moontlikhede in hou omdat ons beoog om die tegnologie met baie bekostigbare prys in die mark te sit.

Uit die b.g. kan afgelei word dat hierdie pakket van solar warm water en die solar elektrisiteit moontlikhede besit om wêreld wyd toegepas te kan word mits ons op en wakker is en die nodige patente registreer. Daarom is dit nodig dat ons ook ontwikkelings kapitaal moet kry om die nodige prosedures mee te finansier om sodoende die bekostigbare solar elektrisiteit wêreld wyd toe te pas. Daar is ‘n afdeling in die sakeplan wat hierdie gedeelte van die verdere ontwikkeling van solar elektrisiteit aanspreek.

Groetnis Conrad

Solar thermal power generation is an attractive option for cost efficient renewable electricity production. In countries with high solar resources this technology is capable to produce solar electricity at below 15 €cent/kWh on a scale of 50 – 200 MWel plants. Depending on location, technology and size, cost projections for those power plants range between 10 and 20 €cent/kWh using today's level of technology. The technology is still in the very beginning of its development, so the future cost price of electricity will be reduced by increasing efficiency and by decreasing total system costs. According to a study prepared for the world bank, levelised electricity costs (LEC) for solar thermal power plants are expected to reach a level below 4-6 €cent/kWh on a long term basis [1].

Large solar thermal power systems use the concentrated sunlight to attain the high temperatures required for subsequent power generation processes. The general way to generate electricity is to use high temperatures for producing steam which is used in conventional water/steam cycles. For large scale power production there are two main solar concentrating technologies:

• Line focusing systems like parabolic trough and Fresnel-type collectors

• The central receiver or power tower concept.

In California, nine parabolic trough plants (figure 1.1) with a total plant capacity of

354 MWel  have reliably been producing solar thermal electricity for more than a decade.

6 Summary, Conclusions and perspective

Among solar technologies solar thermal power generation is the most economic option to

produce electricity on a large scale. Parabolic trough systems have proven the technological maturity and reliability of the concept in continuous operation for over a decade. Worldwide different groups have further developed the line focussing parabolic trough collector with the aim of reducing its costs or improving its efficiency. One approach is the so called Fresnel collector which divides the big parabolic reflector trough into many smaller and flat reflector segments.

In the frame of a project partly funded by the German Federal Environmental Ministry E.ON Energie together with two research institutes (Fraunhofer ISE and DLR) have intensively examined this Fresnel collector concept and have dedicated much attention to the question of how to integrate the collector's thermal output into conventional steam-cycles in an economically and technologically favourable way.

As an example of this work yearly simulations of a solar only plant situated at two sites with high solar irradiance have been presented. One basic result are levelised electricity costs (LEC) between 9 and 14 €cent/kWh for different scenarios which are below comparable trough systems. Conclusions from these results are:

• The corresponding CO2 avoidance costs for solar only systems are between 100 €/t and 170 €/t.

• At subsidised sites (e.g. in Spain) the operation of a solar only power plant can be cost efficient    

  even without a big thermal storage and without the additional costs for the first demo plant.

• The LEC for hybrid plants are even lower because of better depreciation conditions for the  

   conventional steam cycle

The Fresnel collector concept is at the very beginning of its development with cost reductions still to be expected. From the pending results of hybrid systems lower electricity costs are expected.  However, because all work presented here is only theoretical, the next step to further pursue this promising technology is to realise a small scale pilot plant that allows for experimental validation under real operation conditions.

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